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These innovations promise to deliver lean and agile manufacturing, reducing waste, improving quality, and enabling the production of more complex molecules more efficiently.. 4.

Johnston says that the biggest value driver of them all is climate change and carbon.He agrees that there’s a “dawning recognition” that we don’t have a choice.

However, these days, the data is starting to allow us to do these things, making this particular moment in industry history different from the ones that have come before.. “I think that's why it might stick this time,” he says.“But if it doesn't stick this time, we've got enormous problems.”.Marks seems confident about the direction things are headed.. “Three-quarters of all specialty subcontractors have experience with multi-trade and two-thirds of general contractors have experience with multi-trade assemblies and prefabrication,” she says, referencing.

McKinsey’s report.about the state of U.S. construction over the past three years..

In other words, it’s already happening.

We just need it to get better.. A formula for change.Single phase immersion cooling offers the ability for higher rack densities than direct-to-chip, however, the IT equipment must be immersion ready which is not standard off the shelf equipment and for some IT manufacturers, not yet available.

For some passive immersion cooling products, it is estimated 3 – 5% of the heat escapes from the immersion cooling unit into the room, therefore, for high-capacity rooms some air cooling will still be required.. With the trend of CHIP manufacturers ever increasing their compute capacity, supply temperatures of the chilled water system may be required to remain low whilst increasing the cooling capacity (increasing ΔT of the chilled water).This could see the emergence of two tiers of systems: high compute systems with high density at lower chilled water temperatures (at a higher ΔT) and lower compute systems (still high compared to today’s IT) with a lower density at higher chilled water temperatures enabling much more free cooling.. Alternatively, a liquid cooled rack with air heat rejection (on the back of the rack) can be installed to provide liquid cooling whilst maintaining the existing air-cooled system, but this is a less common approach.. Onward look to heat rejection.

In the realm of air-cooled data centres, the industry is increasingly gravitating toward to ASHRAE A1 allowable temperatures for data halls.However, there is little indication of a shift toward A2 or higher temperature ranges.